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For other uses, see Glaze.
Edge of a typical IGU
When multiple glass panes or “lites” are assembled into units, they are commonly referred to as “insulated glass”, “Double glazing/ Double Glazed Units” (UK and Europe) or Insulating Glass Units (IGU). The proper technical term for the assembly is hermetically sealed units, meaning that the environment inside of the unit is isolated from the external environment. These units are produced with the intention of maximizing the thermal insulating properties of a gas contained in the space formed by the unit while at the same time providing clear vision through the unit at low temperatures.
Most IGUs are double glazed, but IGUs with three sheets or more, i.e. “triple glazing” are becoming more common due to higher energy costs. Insulated glazing may be framed in a sash,frame or in a curtain wall. IGUs are also commonly used for replacement windows.
Other applications of IGUs include acoustic attenuation.
Contents
1 Comparison of IGU characteristics
2 Components
2.1 Glass
2.1.1 Tinted Glass
2.1.2 Coated Glass
2.1.3 Low-Emissivity Glass
2.1.4 Spacer
3 Construction
4 Thermal Performance
5 Insulating Properties
6 Longevity
7 Estimating Heat loss from Double Glazed Window
7.1 Required data
7.2 Calculation
7.3 Example Calculation of Heat Loss from Double Glazed Window
8 References
9 See also
10 External links
//
Comparison of IGU characteristics
IGUs are manufactured to varying degress of performance. Typical IGU units supplied for high performance construction in Europe are over 4.5 times more efficient than standard IGU available in North America.
Glazing assembly
U-factor
R-value
SHGC
VT
acoustic attenuation
unit ->
W/m2/K
BTU/(h*ft2*)
m2K/W
h*ft2*/BTU
%
%
dbRW+ctr
standard IGU (in the US)
2.84
.5
.35
2.0
76
81
Medium-SHGC, low-e
1.48
0.26
0.68
3.8
58
78
European triple glazed
1.00
0.18
1.00
5.7
45
German passive house standard window
0.60
0.11
1.67
9.5
For comparison:
single glass
6.25
1.10
0.16
0.90
87
90
standard wood wall, 2×6, R-19 fiberglass
0.49
0.09
2.06
11.7
Components
Window frame cutaway with double insulated glazing
Glass
Glass is used to provide light and allow vision through otherwise opaque surfaces. While the composition and manufacturing of glass is covered elsewhere, for the purposes of this article, its importance to the construction is its dimensional stability over a wide temperature range. IGUs are manufactured with glass in range of thickness from 3mm to 10mm or more in special applications. Laminated or tempered glass may also be used as part of the construction. Most units are manufactured with the same thickness of glass used on both panes but special applications such as acoustic attenuation or security may require wide ranges of thicknesses to be incorporated in the same unit. To reduce shear effects on the sealed unit (a major cause of premature failure), manufacturers use a rule of thumb that permits a difference of 1mm between panes of glass used in the unit and still maintain the warranty for the unit. For example, a unit may be ordered with a 4mm pane on the exterior and a 3mm pane on the interior. These variations are allowed for architectural and cost reasons. Other combinations can be specified and produced but the manufacturer may reserve the right to limit the term of the warranty or refuse to warranty the unit altogether.
For ease of description the surfaces of a double paned unit are named according to the following convention: Surface #1 (facing outside), Surface#2 (inside of outside pane), Surface #3 (outside of inside) pane and Surface#4 (inside surface of inside pane). Applying the corresponding nomenclature for triple paned units results in surfaces #1 through #6.
The performance of glass can be modified through the use of the following:
Tinted Glass
While clear glass is the most common glass component of IGUs, tinted glass is used as both an architectural feature. The primary colors available include bronze, gray and green . The degree of tint depends on both the composition of the glass and the thickness of the lite. Tinted glass is usually placed on the exterior of the IGU.
Coated Glass
The heat and sound insulation of glazing may also be improved by the use of a film or coating applied to its surface. This film is typically made of polyester or metal, and may give the window a reflective appearance and one-way mirror effect. It may be used on…(and so on)
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