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Since 1963, transverse leaf springs have been an integral part of the suspension of GM’s Chevrolet Corvette.
Contents
1 Traditional use of leaf springs
2 Leaf springs on the Corvette
2.1 Motion of a transverse leaf spring
2.2 The leaf spring as an anti-roll bar
3 Transverse leaf springs within independent suspensions
3.1 Advantages
3.2 Disadvantages
4 Racing concerns
5 Transverse leaf springs in other vehicles
6 References
7 External links
//
Traditional use of leaf springs
A traditional leaf spring arrangement.
A leaf spring is a long, flat, thin, and flexible piece of spring steel or composite material that resists bending. The basic principles of leaf spring design and assembly are relatively simple, and leafs have been used in various capacities since medieval times. Most heavy duty vehicles today use two sets of leaf springs per solid axle, mounted perpendicularly to support the weight of the vehicle. This system requires that each leaf set act as both a spring and a horizontally stable link. Because leaf sets lack rigidity, such a dual-role is only suited for applications where load-bearing capability is more important than precision in suspension response.
Leaf springs on the Corvette
The C5 Corvette’s rear suspension.
All six generations of the Corvette have used leaf springs in some capacity. The basic arrangement for each generation is listed as follows:
C1 (1953-1962):
Front: Independent unequal-length double wishbones with coil springs
Rear: Rigid axle supported by leaf springs and longitudinal control links
C2 (1963-1967), C3 (1968-1982):
Front: Independent unequal-length double wishbones with coil springs
Rear: Independent suspension with trailing and lateral links supported by a centrally mounted leaf spring
C4 (1984-1996):
Front: Independent unequal-length double wishbones with transverse fiberglass mono-leaf spring mounted to allow for anti-roll effect.
Rear: Independent suspension with trailing and lateral links supported by a centrally mounted fiberglass mono-leaf spring
C5 (1997-2004), C6 (2005-):
Front: Independent unequal-length double wishbones with transverse fiberglass mono-leaf spring mounted to allow for anti-roll effect.
Rear: Independent unequal length double wishbones with transverse fiberglass mono-leaf spring mounted to allow for anti-roll effect.
In the C2 and subsequent generations, a leaf spring is mounted transversely in the chassis and used in conjunction with several independent suspension designs. Common to these post-C1 Corvettes, the leaf acts only as a spring, and not a suspension arm or a link. Because it is not required to stabilize the wheels, the leaf functions in much the same manner as a coil spring. This configuration obviates the drawbacks and imprecision associated with traditional Hotchkiss (non-transverse leaf spring) suspensions.
Although commonly referred to as a “leaf spring suspension” it is more accurately called an independent double A-arm suspension.
Motion of a transverse leaf spring
The following images show the movements of an independent suspension using a transverse leaf spring. For all images:
The suspension arms are green
The chassis is blue
The uprights are gray
Leaf springs are dark gray
Pivot links connecting the ends of the springs to the suspension arms are red
1 - A transverse leaf spring suspension at rest, with separate right and left springs.
2 - The same split-spring configuration with the left wheel in compression.
Illustrations #1 and #2 show independent left and right leaf springs mounted rigidly to a chassis. In the first illustration, the suspension is at rest. As a left wheel moves up in the second illustration, the left spring flexes upward, but the right spring remains unaffected. Because the two springs are not connected, the movement of one wheel has no effect on the spring rate of the opposite wheel. While the C2, C3, and C4 Corvettes used a continuous spring instead of the split spring of the illustration, left and right spring rates remained independent because the spring was rigidly mounted at its center to the chassis.
3 - A single transverse leaf spring suspension similar to that used on the C5 and C6 Corvette.
4 - The same single-leaf suspension with both wheels compressed upward.
Illustrations #3 and #4 show an independent suspension with a single transverse leaf spring, an arrangement similar to that used on the C5 and C6 Corvettes, and the front of the C4 Corvette. While at rest in illustration #3, the leaf forms a symmetric arc between the left and right sides of the suspension. Under the compression of both wheels in illustration #4, the widely-spaced chassis mounts…(and so on)
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